Desertification has already reduced agricultural productivity and incomes (high confidence) and contributed to the loss of biodiversity in some dryland regions ( medium confidence). Other dryland regions have also experienced desertification.
The highest numbers of people affected are in South and East Asia, the circum Sahara region including North Africa and the Middle East including the Arabian Peninsula ( low confidence). Desertification hotspots, as identified by a decline in vegetation productivity between the 1980s and 2000s, extended to about 9.2% of drylands (☐.5%), affecting about 500 (☑20) million people in 2015. The multiplicity and complexity of the processes of desertification make its quantification difficult. Drylands currently cover about 46.2% (☐.8%) of the global land area and are home to 3 billion people. The range and intensity of desertification have increased in some dryland areas over the past several decades ( high confidence). Desertification is land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas, collectively known as drylands, resulting from many factors, including human activities and climatic variations.
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